1. Observe and protect
Record the symptom, limit further damage where safely possible, and compile whatever history is available on the fixture or line.
2. Evaluate the house and site
A defensible diagnosis accounts for fixture behavior, pipe material, pressure, drainage, venting, shutoff location, access, and prior work.
3. Define a written scope
Put the scope in writing: preparation, protection, materials, access, permits, testing, cleanup, restoration, exclusions, and change-order procedure.
4. Compare providers
Verify credentials, then compare the reasoning behind each proposal — not simply the total figure.
5. Inspect closeout
Confirm testing outcomes, cleanup, documentation, warranty terms, and any maintenance responsibilities that remain.